11. The interpretation of dreams
J. Allan Hobson
in Dreaming: A Very Short Introduction
‘The interpretation of dreams’ considers, in light of modern neuroscience, the ways in which Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis theories were both right and wrong. Freud's correctly emphasized ...
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5. NEP: society and culture
S. A. Smith
in The Russian Revolution: A Very Short Introduction
From the start of the NEP, social inequality rose. Class remained a fragile structure. ‘NEP: society and culture’ considers what the Soviets did to refashion the social systems in Russia, ...
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1. The political popular
Ashish Rajadhyaksha
in Indian Cinema: A Very Short Introduction
Very little of India’s early cinema has been preserved, so its history is based on intense memories and short remnants of films. Indian cinema was ‘officially’ born with Dhundiraj Govind ...
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3. Partition and the ‘all-India’ film
Ashish Rajadhyaksha
in Indian Cinema: A Very Short Introduction
India officially became ‘independent’ in 1947 and a Republic in 1950. Neither were easy transitions. The cinema would inherit all of India’s political contradictions. It would soon become ...
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8. Security
David J. Bodenhamer
in The U.S. Constitution: A Very Short Introduction
Armed conflict poses an imminent threat to the nation’s existence, but so does suspension of the nation’s fundamental laws. The framers wrestled with how to grant government the power to ...
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5. Cinema and the outer world
Geoffrey Nowell-Smith
in The History of Cinema: A Very Short Introduction
The world in which cinema grew up was one of constant change, not always for the better. There was technological change, of which the cinema itself was part. There were wars and ...
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6. Conclusion: seven epochs of cinema
Geoffrey Nowell-Smith
in The History of Cinema: A Very Short Introduction
The cinema has not developed in a straight line, nor has it simply progressed to greater and greater achievements. Instead, it developed in different ways in different places at different ...
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4. The new cinemas
Ashish Rajadhyaksha
in Indian Cinema: A Very Short Introduction
In 1956, a decade after Independence, India divided its regional states along linguistic lines. This politically-loaded decision opened up fraught histories that went back well over a ...
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Indian Cinema: A Very Short Introduction
Ashish Rajadhyaksha
One film out of every five made anywhere comes from India. From its beginnings under colonial rule through to the heights of Bollywood, Indian cinema has challenged social injustices such ...
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2. Late colonial India
Ashish Rajadhyaksha
in Indian Cinema: A Very Short Introduction
Between 1920 and 1931 India saw its first boom in indigenous film production. Indian cinema was clearly set to take-off, but where to? Both the boom in production, as well as the kind of ...
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5. Bollywood
Ashish Rajadhyaksha
in Indian Cinema: A Very Short Introduction
Indian cinema has historically assumed that its enormous local impact disqualifies it from imagining an audience beyond the domestic one. ‘Bollywood’ explains, however, that there has ...
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1. Hegel's times and life
Peter Singer
in Hegel: A Very Short Introduction
‘Hegel's times and life’ charts the life of Hegel and looks at the significance of the time in which he was born for the formation of his philosophical thought. He was born in 1770, at the ...
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5. Reform and revolution
Geoffrey Hosking
in Russian History: A Very Short Introduction
‘Reform and revolution’ illustrates how defeat in the Crimean War clarified the need for the abolition of serfdom. Russian nationalism and the formation of the Union of Russian People in ...
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3. Censorship and politics in Hollywood noir
James Naremore
in Film Noir: A Very Short Introduction
During the period when American film noir was at its zenith, Hollywood’s self-appointed censorship agency, the Production Code Administration (PCA), exercised control over the movie ...
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3. ‘As if the king of each’: 16th and 17th centuries
Martyn Rady
in The Habsburg Empire: A Very Short Introduction
Charles V did not try to unite his disparate realms, but ruled instead through the separate governments of his individual lands and kingdoms. The preferred method of 16th-century Habsburg ...
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The History of Cinema: A Very Short Introduction
Geoffrey Nowell-Smith
Cinema was the first, and arguably the greatest, of the industrialized art forms that dominated the cultural life of the 20th century. It continues to adapt and grow as new technologies and ...
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2. Journalist
Terrell Carver
in Engels: A Very Short Introduction
‘Journalist’ introduces Engels' background and the formative experiences of his youth. Engels came from a family of well-to-do mill owners, and soon reacted against the philistinism of his ...
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3. Characterizing black holes
Katherine Blundell
in Black Holes: A Very Short Introduction
‘Characterizing black holes’ describes the two different types of black holes: Schwarzschild black holes that do not rotate and Kerr black holes that do. The only distinguishing ...
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3. The first casualty: journalists at war
Ian Hargreaves
in Journalism: A Very Short Introduction (2nd edn)
It was in the ‘Balkan wars’ of the 1990s that the news media and the military started to understand the extent to which digital media were reshaping the craft of war reporting. Journalists ...
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2. Federalism
David J. Bodenhamer
in The U.S. Constitution: A Very Short Introduction
Federalism, the division of power between state and central governments, was the most novel doctrine to emerge from the Constitutional Convention. ‘Federalism’ explains how it embraced a ...
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