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3. What stays in the mind? Learning and memory
Gillian Butler and McManus Freda
in Psychology: A Very Short Introduction (2nd edn)
What is memory? Psychologists' discoveries about learning and memory demonstrate that what is stored in the mind cannot be adequately understood using the analogy of a repository. ‘What ...
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2. Theories of anxiety
Daniel Freeman and Jason Freeman
in Anxiety: A Very Short Introduction
‘Theories of anxiety’ looks at four key perspectives on anxiety. Firstly, Freud's views on psychoanalysis. Behavioural theories were led by John Broadus Watson's experiments on behaviourism ...
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Final thoughts
Owen Davies
in Magic: A Very Short Introduction
Magic does not live in the past — magic is alive and well today, all over the world. Magic has a range of meanings and has still has relevance. Magic is a language, a belief, an action, ...
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1. Management and managing
John Hendry
in Management: A Very Short Introduction
‘Management and managing’ argues that the practice of management is not just about controlling things, but also about coping with things that are out of control — or out of the manager's ...
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3. The surprising thing about learning
Mark Haselgrove
in Learning: A Very Short Introduction
‘The surprising thing about learning’ considers the second key question about learning: what is the nature of the mechanism that allows learning to take place? It first looks at the ...
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Learning: A Very Short Introduction
Mark Haselgrove
What is learning? How does it take place? What happens when it goes wrong? The topic of learning has been central to the development of the science of psychology since its inception. ...
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2. What is learned during learning?
Mark Haselgrove
in Learning: A Very Short Introduction
Throughout the study of learning, psychologists have concerned themselves with two key questions. ‘What is learned during learning?’ considers the first. It introduces the content of ...
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6. Learning from others
Mark Haselgrove
in Learning: A Very Short Introduction
Many species, including humans, are quite sociable and live in groups so it is important to incorporate into our understanding of learning how social learning takes place and what sorts of ...
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2. Reason and rationality
Michael Allingham
in Choice Theory: A Very Short Introduction
‘Reason and rationality’ outlines the difference between a reasonable choice and a rational choice. The terms contraction condition, expansion condition, pairwise choice, preference ...
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Anxiety: A Very Short Introduction
Daniel Freeman and Jason Freeman
Anxiety: A Very Short Introduction explains what anxiety is, why it is a normal and vital part of our emotional life, and the factors that cause it. Are we born with fears or ...
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9. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Daniel Freeman and Jason Freeman
in Anxiety: A Very Short Introduction
Obsessions in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are upsetting and unwanted thoughts, images, and impulses that constantly recur. So distressing are they that people with OCD use a variety ...
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5. Phobias
Daniel Freeman and Jason Freeman
in Anxiety: A Very Short Introduction
‘phobias’ opens with a precise definition as defined by the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) to distinguish phobias from fear. ...
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4. Learning about space and time
Mark Haselgrove
in Learning: A Very Short Introduction
‘Learning about space and time’ describes how organisms learn about when things are going to happen (timing) and where things are (spatial learning). Some psychologists have tried to ...
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5. When learning goes wrong
Mark Haselgrove
in Learning: A Very Short Introduction
Learning can be very adaptive, but sometimes, for some reason, it goes wrong. First, the properties of learning can go awry, so that inappropriate associations develop. Alternatively, ...
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1. What is learning?
Mark Haselgrove
in Learning: A Very Short Introduction
Learning is a phenomenon that can be observed across the animal kingdom. ‘What is learning?’ considers the properties and principles of a number of different types of learning across a ...
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4. Learning and animal culture
Tristram D. Wyatt
in Animal Behaviour: A Very Short Introduction
Learning is an animal’s capacity to change behaviour, as the result of individual experience, so that it is better adapted to the animal’s physical and social environments. Learning helps ...
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7. The appetite for music
Elizabeth Hellmuth Margulis
in The Psychology of Music: A Very Short Introduction
Music can seem captivating and integral to our lives, yet these affective dimensions are precisely the ones for which understanding remains most elusive. It is relatively straightforward to ...
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